Exhibitions
- Peter the Great
- Upcoming
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- Archive
  - Vincent. The Van Gogh Museum in the Hermitage Amsterdam
    - Introduction
    - Van Gogh Moves
  - Impressionism: Sensation & Inspiration
  - Rubens, Van Dyck & Jordaens
  - Splendour and Glory
  - The immortal Alexander the Great
  - Matisse to Malevich
    - Introduction
    - Highlights of the exhibition
    - Background by Henk van Os
    - Sergey Shchukin and Others
    - Artist biographies
    - Russian literature around 1900
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    - Archive
      - Dance
  - At the Russian Court
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  - Persia
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  - Venezia!
  - Nicholas & Alexandra
  - Greek gold
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Hermitage St Petersburg
St Petersburg & Russia
Hermitage Amsterdam and Amstelhof
Hermitage for Children
Discounts and arrangements
Frequently Asked Questions

Nicholas & Alexandra - The last Tsar and Tsarina

Biography of Tsar Nicholas II

1868	6 May	Birth of Nicholas II
1894	1 Nov.	Nicholas II becomes Tsar after death of Alexander III
	26 Nov.	Nicholas II marries Alix (Alexandra) of Hessen
1895	15 Nov.	Birth of daughter Olga
1896	14 May	Coronation in Assumption Cathedral, Moscow
1897	10 June	Birth of daughter Tatiana
1899	27 June	Birth of daughter Maria
1901	22 Jan.	Queen Victoria dies
	18 June	Birth of daughter Anastasia
1903	Nov.	During the congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party in London, party splits into two: the Mensheviks, led by Plechanov, and the Bolsheviks, led by Lenin and Trotsky
1904	4 Feb.	Japan declares war on Russia
	28 July	Minister of Internal Affairs, Pleve, is murdered
	22 Aug.	Birth of Tsarevich Alexei
1905	1 Jan.	Bloody Sunday in St Petersburg
	17 Feb.	Grand Duke Sergei murdered
		February riots
	19 Aug.	Nicholas II allows formation of Duma, with limited power
	26 Oct.	Workers of St Petersburg form the first soviet
	30 Oct.	Nicholas II signs the October Manifest, in which he makes concessions to the Duma which has been proclaimed; it will have full legislative power and more people will be given the right to vote
1914	28 June	Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria murdered in Sarajevo
	1 Aug.	Germany mobilizes and declares war on Russia
	1 Sept.	St Petersburg is renamed Petrograd
	4 Sept.	Pact between France, Russia and Great Britain
1916	30 Dec.	Rasputin murdered
1917	16 March	Tsar Nicholas II abdicates; the imperial family is put under house arrest in Tzarskoje Selo
	31 July	Imperial family taken to Tobolsk in Siberia
	15 Sep.	Kerensky proclaims the republic of Russia
	7 Nov.	October revolution
	5 Dec.	Truce between Germany and Russia
1918	14 Feb.	Russia introduces the Gregorian calendar
	26 Apr.	Nicholas, Alix and Maria are taken to Yekaterinburg. The rest of the family arrives there on 22 May
	17 July	The ex-Tsar and his family are executed on the orders of Lenin